Border pigmented nevus is benign
pigmented education no more than 1 cm, gray,
brown or black. Simply put, it is ordinary
mole. The border nevus has no clear localization and may
appear on any part of the body. Pathology most often wears
single character, multiple formations appear much less frequently.
Usually, a border nevus has a congenital etiology, but sometimes
appears in infancy, in adolescence or even later.
The surface of the border nevus is smooth and even. Characteristic
feature of the border nevus is the lack of hair on his
surface. Its other characteristic feature is
localization on the palms and soles. Other types of nevi are never
arise in these places.
Content
- Causes
- Clinical picture
- Diagnostics
- Treatment of the disease
- Prevention
Causes
The main role in the occurrence of this state is played
disturbances in the maturation and migration of melanocytes. Border nevus
consists of cells that contain large amounts of melanin.
Melanocytes spread from the basal layer of the epidermis,
migrate and form a border pigment nevus. TO
factors that are able to provoke the development of a nevus include
hereditary predisposition and UV radiation. Unlike
normal cells, melanocytes that form the borderline pigment
nevus, do not have processes that transmit melanin to others
cells. They sort of concentrate all the pigment in itself. By this
reason, it can be said that the melanocytes that form
border nevus, have a weak exchange ability.
Clinical picture
At an early stage of development, the border nevus appears as
light yellow spots with round, clear borders. He has
smooth surface that is devoid of hair vegetation.
The average size of the border nevus is about 0.2-0.5
cm.
In the course of its development, the pigment nevus can
transform into flat nodules or complex intradermal
nevi According to statistics, 35% of all borderline nevi can
transform into a malignant disease, namely melanoma.
One of the varieties of border nevus is a cockade.
nevus. It is characterized by gradual saturation.
pigmentation on the edge, forming a peculiar pattern in the form
concentric rings on the skin. About the rebirth of a nevus in melanoma or
another form of malignant disease can be judged by the change
staining, rapid growth of the nevus, the appearance of ulcerations, unevenness
edges, cracks and tubercles.
Diagnostics
The dermatologist diagnoses the disease when examined by
clinical symptoms. In order not to be mistaken when posing
diagnosis using dermatoscopy. The essence of the method is
using a special fluorescent microscope that
Enlarges the image several times. Another diagnostic method is
siascopy. Siascope helps to establish the true picture of education
(structure of a nevus, color, tendency to malignancy).
Histological studies with border nevus not hold,
as its damage can provoke the development
malignant disease. Biopsy is performed after
nevus removed.
However, there are cases of degeneration of nevus into malignant
education after surgical removal.
It is necessary to differentiate this pathology with the following
pigmentary diseases:
- pigment spots;
- freckles;
- blue nevi;
- seborrheic keratoma;
- Dubreia’s melanosis;
- nevusami Setton;
- cavernous hemangioma.
It is necessary to conduct a differential diagnosis between
border nevus and early melanoma. When melanoma is detected
Pay attention to the fact that the cancer has developed a long
time in place of a pigmented nevus that caused no
subjective sensations. Usually nevi develop from birth
slowly according to the weight of the person. However mechanical
Nevus damage is one of the main factors
malignant moles.
Treatment of the disease
Owners of borderline nevus should be regularly
passes medical examinations. Like any other benign
skin disease, it does not need urgent excision. But should
know that this pathology belongs to the melanoma group
nevus Many experts are inclined to believe that the best
prevention of prevention of melanoma is its removal
surgically, especially when the nevus is localized
increased trauma. At the same time, the removal of a nevus even
surgically can cause malignancy.
In this case, you need to conduct a detailed study of the nevus and go through
consultation with a dermato-oncologist.
Among the methods of removal of borderline pigment nevus
The following prevail:
- surgical;
- laser;
- radio wave.
Other methods, such as:
electrocoagulation and cryosurgery of necrosis are not appropriate. Many
experts tend to the fact that the above methods cause
severe tissue damage that can trigger development
melanomas at the site of a distant nevus.
Nevus removal using carbon dioxide laser does not leave
after the scarring of the skin. But use this method only in that
case when the doctor is completely confident in benign etiology
nevus.
If the size of a nevus does not exceed 5 mm, then use
radio wave method. It is removed with a radiosurgical knife. This
the method, like the laser, does not require stitching.
If you suspect a malignant degeneration of a nevus, spend
its urgent removal. The removed material is given for histological
analysis.
Prevention
Disease prevention is systematic
preventive examinations, as the owners of the border
pigmented nevus are at risk due to its
malignancy. For this reason, every six months is held
dermatoscopy nevus. People at risk are prohibited
is a long time under the influence of UV radiation and
permanent use of sunscreens with
high protection factor.
